Gender Issues and Roles Essay

Sexual orientation alludes to the socially developed jobs, conduct, exercises and traits that a specific culture thinks about suitable for people. It is an essential arranging guideline of society that shapes how we consider ourselves and aides how we cooperate with others. The particular jobs and conduct may offer ascent to sexual orientation disparities, I. e. contrasts among people that efficiently favor one gathering. There are contrasts between the genders in that men gauge more than ladies and have more muscle. Ladies outflank men in some trial of long haul continuance and future. Nonetheless, organically, the genders contrast in restricted ways with neither one normally prevalent. Starting point of Gender jobs The foundation of all sex issues which by and by exist in the public eye might be followed back to The Creation Story in Genesis. This significant section of the Bible gives proof supporting that God expected for man and lady to exist as equivalents, yet he doled out sexual orientation jobs once Adam and Eve defied him by eating the natural product from the taboo tree of good and fiendishness. Therefore, men have been portrayed as the â€Å"breadwinners† and ladies as â€Å"child bearers and housekeepers† since the start of humankind. People have been caught in specific jobs since the get-go, and have consistently had a force battle between them. Sex issues have not developed after some time; they have consistently existed. Partriarchy and Sexism Partriarchy truly implies â€Å"rule of fathers†. Originations of sexual orientation change wherever on the planet and we discover some degree partriarchy. Sexism is the conviction that one sex is intrinsically better than the other and is incorporated with the organizations of society. Sexism stunts the abilities and limits the desire of the human populace who are ladies. Manliness accompanies a significant expense as it calls for men to take part in some high-hazard practices, including utilizing tobacco and liquor, taking an interest in truly hazardous games, and driving wildly. It is likewise firmly connected not exclusively to mishaps however to self destruction, brutality and stress-related sicknesses. As men look for power over others, they open doors for closeness and trust. As a rule men have more social assets than ladies. Martriarchy is a type of social association wherein females rule guys. Despite the fact that there is no away from of matriarchy, women’s force can equal that of men. Numerous social orders consider as a real part of their verifiable legends at any rate one fearless lady warrior or pioneer, however few are as criticized as the Kikuyu Wangu wa Makeri. Selected as the head of Weithaga, in Muranga region, by the colonialists, Makeri’s heritage is as a lady who made hellfire for the men of her clan, unleashing retribution and sewing embarrassment for the sexual orientation jobs she had broken out of. Conceived in 1856, as indicated by Nairobi University student of history Mary W Wanyoike, Makeri’s ascend to acclaim came moderately late in her life, when, in 1901 she was designated as the leader of her area. The rise of a lady to such a place of intensity was incredible back then. Wangu, be that as it may, grasped the situation with power. Stories proliferate of her disparaging men, riding on their backs down on the ground, taking different darlings †among them one Karuri Gakure †and being exceptionally a long way from a â€Å"attractive’ lady. Positively, such conduct was an abomination in mid twentieth Century Kikuyu culture. Back then, when men had paid the endowment on the ladies they were to wed, the ladies were viewed as their property. Ladies may be disappointed, yet they were relied upon to be quiet casualties. Therefore when Wangu â€Å"superwoman† Makeri got power, she felt it her own strategic vindicate for the misused ladies. Her energy, be that as it may, immediately made her an abhor figure for men, as did her propensity to exceed the limit of initiative. However she clutched power for a noteworthy 35 years. At long last, what lead to her ruin and demise, was the blending strife between the Kikuyu and British colonialists. From around 1910, pilgrim hatred was growing. The Kikuyus who later shaped the Mau saw Wangu Wa Makeri as an intermediary for colonialists. They incited a defiance to oth the colonialists and her. With her help diminishing, her back-riding residency finished unceremoniously. However her notoriety for different sweethearts and an enthusiasm to domineer the manly species, is as yet utilized as a weapon today in the sex war, driving allegations that any ladies who adores influence and cash is of her line, and setting up a loathsomeness figure that awful Kikuyu l adies would wish to be related with. In time, it appears, hers is one story that may yet be retold. In preindustrial social orders, ladies have little command over pregnancy and labor, which confines the extent of their lives. Additionally, men’s more noteworthy tallness and physical stature and physical quality are exceptionally esteemed assets. Be that as it may, industrialization gives individuals decisions about how to live. Today, at that point, in social orders like our own, natural contrasts give little legitimization to partriachy. Real or not, male predominance despite everything holds. A few sociologists guarantee that organic variables â€Å"wire† the genders with various inspirations and practices, explicitly more forcefulness in guys. Most sociologists, in any case, accept that sexual orientation is basically a social development that can be changed. Sex Socialization From birth til' the very end, human emotions, musings and activities mirror the social as various types of individuals. By age tree, they join sexual orientation into their characters by applying society’s measures to themselves. Similarly as sex influences how we consider ourselves, so it instructs us to act in standardizing ways. Sexual orientation jobs are perspectives and exercises that society connects to each sex. Male †female contrasts Most of the contrasts among people end up being socially made. By and large, guys are 10 percent taller, 20 percent heavier and 30 percent more grounded, particularly in their chest areas. Then again, ladies outflank men in future. In pre-adulthood, guys show more prominent numerical capacity, while pre-adult females exceed expectations in verbal aptitudes a distinction that reflects both science and socialization. Research focuses no general contrasts in insight among guys and females. Organically at that point, people vary in restricted ways, neither one of the ones being normally unrivaled. Sex and the body during childbirth, females and guys are recognized by essential sex attributes, to be specific the genital organs used to imitate the human species. At adolescence, people display auxiliary sex qualities, whereby substantial turn of events, aside from the private parts, that recognizes naturally develop females and guys. To oblige pregnancy, conceiving an offspring, and supporting babies, pre-adult females create more extensive hips, bosoms and delicate greasy tissue, along these lines giving a hold flexibly of sustenance for pregnancy and bosom taking care of. Immature guys, normally somewhat taller and heavier than females from birth, ordinarily grow more muscle in the chest area, increasingly broad body hair and more profound voices. Sexual direction Sexual direction alludes to a suffering example of enthusiastic, sentimental, and additionally sexual attractions to men, ladies, or both genders. Sexual direction additionally alludes to a person’s feeling of personality dependent on those attractions, related practices, and participation in a network of other people who share those attractions. Research more than a very long while has exhibited that sexual direction extends along a continuum, from selective fascination in the other sex to elite appreciation for a similar sex. Be that as it may, sexual direction is generally talked about as far as three classes: hetero (having enthusiastic, sentimental, or sexual attractions to individuals from the other sex), gay/lesbian (having passionate, sentimental, or sexual attractions to individuals from one’s own sex), and androgynous (having passionate, sentimental, or sexual attractions to the two people). This scope of practices and attractions has been depicted in different societies and countries all through the world. Numerous societies use character marks to portray individuals who express these attractions. The most successive marks are lesbians (ladies pulled in to ladies), gay (men pulled in to men), and promiscuous individuals (men or ladies pulled in to both genders).. Sexual direction is particular from different segments of sex and sex, including natural sex (the anatomical, physiological, and hereditary attributes related with being male or female), sex character (the mental feeling of being male or female) and social sex job (the social standards that characterize ladylike and manly conduct). Sexual direction is generally talked about as though it were exclusively a trait of an individual, as natural sex, sex character, or age. This viewpoint is fragmented in light of the fact that sexual direction is characterized regarding associations with others. Individuals express their sexual direction through practices with others, including such basic activities as clasping hands or kissing. Hence, sexual direction is intently attached to the close to home connections that meet profoundly felt requirements for affection, connection, and closeness. Notwithstanding sexual practices, these bonds incorporate nonsexual physical love between accomplices, shared objectives and qualities, common help, and progressing responsibility. Subsequently, sexual direction isn't just an individual trademark inside a person. Or maybe, one’s sexual direction characterizes the gathering of individuals where one is probably going to locate the fantastic and satisfying sentimental connections that are a basic part of individual personality for some individuals. How individuals know their Sexual direction? As per current logical and expert comprehension, the center attractions that structure the reason for grown-up sexual orientat

Counseling Specializations and Multidisciplinary Terms Essay

This paper talks about the significance of coordinated effort inside the various specializations of the advising field. Two specializations, emotional wellness guiding and addictions advising are looked into and are united to help a speculative multi year old young lady â€Å"Ashley† in her own instruction and critical thinking while in treatment. Directing Specializations and Multidisciplinary Teams The directing calling and the entirety of its specializations and the related fields that preceded, all rose because of the failures for certain people adapt to life stresses. These people were viewed as non-flexible. Newman (2012) clarifies the importance of strength as: people who show constructive results even with genuine dangers to advancement. They may have encountered drawn out, extreme destitution; they may have a parent with a genuine dysfunctional behavior; or they may have been presented to continuous maltreatment or viciousness. Confronted with these or potentially different challenges, versatile people show low degrees of mental indications and capacity viably in the fundamental formative undertakings expected for their phase of life. (pg. 78). People who couldn't comply with â€Å"normal† cultural desires and were frequently secured up for the sake of protecting society. It didn’t matter if these people were heavy drinkers, sedate addicts, hyper depressives, damaged Vets, schizophrenics, or somebody who simply endured a transitory situational experience; they were bolted up for the security of others Smith and Robinson (1995) clarify how Clifford W. Beers’s distributed personal history in 1908 raised open mindfulness by specifying his own uncaring treatment while in a psychological wellness foundation. In 1793 the meaning of psychological well-being care was stretched out to incorporate freedom, uniformity, and organization by Philippe Pinel who was the chief of Bicetre, the biggest mental medical clinic in Paris. Pinel accepted that discipline was incapable maintaining the possibility that patients need a few degrees of regularity in their lives. Streams and Weikel advanced the possibility of â€Å"nonmedical approaches† to psychotherapy and express this was a significant advance to the portrayal and movement of emotional well-being care. The customer focused hypothesis stressed via Carl Rogers and Fritz Perls, additionally assisted with making ready for current health models utilized today. Addictions advising appears to follow a comparative model and is regularly arranged under a similar umbrella as expert guiding, be that as it may, â€Å"it is perceived that the addictions instructor needs to have specific information about what customers experience that have addictions problems† (Page, R.C., and Bailey 1995 pg. 170). White (2004) attests the upsides of emotional well-being and addictions advisors who cooperate: As psychological well-being experts, we owe our customers who present with addictions no less in regard, backing, or treatment than we would offer to some other customer. The directing relationship or helpful partnership is seen to be integral to accomplishing a positive result in all emotional wellness guiding (Gelso and Fretz, 1992), and it is particularly significant that a positive relationship or remedial union be framed from the get-go in addictions advising before the more troublesome or testing times (e.g., withdrawal side effects, backslide) happen (pg.3) For instance, consider a group that effectively unites so as to help a multi year old young lady named â€Å"Ashley†. Ashley requests that her school instructor assist her with setting up a meeting with a specialist named â€Å"Ms. Henning.† Ashley tells the school advocate that she can't focus on her homework since she is discouraged. She further clarifies that her mom just as of late re-wedded, her progression father has 2 children, and she isn't altering admirably to the circumstance. Ashley requests that the school guide address her mom for her benefit since she is hesitant to inquire. The school advocate decides. Luckily, the family has medical coverage and mother is locally available in light of the fact that she has been worried about Ashley for a spell now and was thinking about this chance also. The principal meeting with Ms. Henning and Ashley works out in a good way. Ashley clarifies that she misses her mother. Her mother is occupied constantly. Her progression father is decent yet she misses her â€Å"realâ dad† and her new kin are â€Å"okay† however she gets extremely desirous at times. Ashley is explicit and articulate while clarifying her downturn yet says that it deteriorates some of the time the day after she takes drugs with her companions. Ms. Henning discloses to Ashley everything that she thinks about medications and the immature mind however proposes that Ashley get more data from an AODA advisor. Ms. Henning likewise urges Ashley to advise her mom regarding the medication use. Ashley concurs hesitantly yet expresses that she would be increasingly open to tending to this issue with mother while in meeting. Ms. Henning consents to make the courses of action. This advisor understands this is one of her simpler cases. The family has medicinal services and appears to be strong as opposed to furious and guarded. Ms. Henning ceaselessly reminds and comforts Ashley in the way this is her treatment and her decision and any proposals that are caused will to be talked about firstâ€there will be no curve balls. One of Ms. Henning’s objectives is to furnish a â€Å"crisis plan† with the school advisor for Ashley on the off chance that Ashley needs extra help during the school day. Ms. Henning likewise needs Ashley to see an AODA instructor in any event once every week (Mr. Stamps), and will keep Mr. Increases to date on what's going on in treatment while she executes his assessments and proposals. She has imparted this to him in an unsuspecting way. Ms. Henning likewise would like to start family bolster for Ashley by educating and urging relatives to straightforwardly examine the family changes, potential impacts, and conceptualize potential arrangements. Ms. Henning might want to incorporate â€Å"real† Dad and new kin, eventually, if achievable and suitable to Ashley and her family. Ashley’s capacity to comprehend her pity and create adapting abilities will be significantly expanded with a group of relatives, the specialist, the AODA advocate, the school instructor, or potentially a therapist in the event that it is suspected that drug may be required. Ms. Henning is committed to keeping all colleagues educated past advancement reports by booking bunch gatherings with everybody included once per month. She is devoted to accepting and offering criticism every step of the way all through the term of Ashley’s treatment and repeats this habitually to each part on this â€Å"team† stressing the worth and significance of each colleague. She realizes that one field (or specialization) can't adequately deal with everything. The noteworthiness of advancing cooperation and uniting in the directing field is likewise remembered for some collegeâ counseling educational programs. McAllister, M., Morrissey, S., McAuliffe, D., Davidson, G., McConnell, H., and Reddy, P. (2011), present the significance of the participation of experts inside the field and how a few understudies are required to reach outside of their own specialization (or control) to associate with those understudies who have picked different trains so as to fabricate a comprehension and regard between claims to fame. These understudies are required to share their own POEM’s (theory, cosmology, epistemology and techniques) with understudies in claims to fame other than their own. Studies and research; on otherworldliness, the human body (particularly the cerebrum), pharmaceuticals, addictions, or how society, science, innovation, or government and new laws can influence people, will keep on breaking assumptions and ebb and flow satisfactory â€Å"norms† of life and society. The individuals who pick this field must keep up. Specializations and coordinated effort in directing is by all accounts important and vital. References McAllister, M., Morrissey, S., McAuliffe, D., Davidson, G., McConnell, H., and Reddy, P. (2011). Showing thoughts for producing basic and helpful bits of knowledge into well-working multidisciplinary emotional wellness groups. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education, and Practice, 6(3), 117-127. oi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17556221111171711 Merta, R. J. (2001). Addictions guiding. Guiding and Human Development, 33(5), 1. Recovered from http://search.proquest.com.library.capella.edu/docview/206851023?accountid=27965 Newman, N. and. (2014). Advancement through life a psychosocial approach. Stamford: Cengage. Page, R. C., and Bailey, J. B. (1995). Addictions Counseling Certification: An Emerging Directing Specialty. Diary Of Counseling and Development, 74(2), 167-171. Smith, H. B., and Robinson, G. P. (1995). Emotional wellness Counseling: Past, Present, and Future. Diary Of Counseling and Development, 74(2), 158-162. White, W. (2004). The chronicled pith of fixation advising. Advisor, 5(3), 43-48.

4 Keys to a Successful Common Application

It’s November, and we are starting down the home stretch of the college application season. That’s right, final deadlines are looming. The UC system’s undergraduate (non-transfer) applications are due November 30 by 11:59pm Pacific Standard Time (2:59am Eastern Standard Time). Many colleges using the Common Application have January 1 as their regular decision deadline. Although your first instinct might be to panic, it’s important to keep a level head. You are not the only one in this position; many high school seniors across the country are in the same situation! The key to success is to focus your time on your college applications.  The Common Application can be fairly straightforward, but leaving any portion until the last minute will result in a more rushed effort — and likely a sloppy result. What should you be doing in the last few weeks before the regular decision deadline for the common application? Here are a few tips to help you manage your applications as you head to the finish line. 1. Give yourself time to write. Thoughtful, well-crafted essays evolve through multiple drafts and careful revisions. For a college that doesn’t require a supplemental essay, those 650 words in the personal statement are your sole opportunity to breathe life and personality into an electronic file, to convey who you are and what is important to you. Don’t miss this opportunity!  If you are stumped by how to begin, take a look at my blog post with Tips for Answering Common Application Essay Prompts. 2. Think about your application from an outsider’s perspective. Is all of your data clear? Have you explained in the extracurricular section what ABCD means and your role in the ABCD organization?  Keep in mind you are limited to 10 entries, each with a limit of 150 characters (including spaces!) per activity description and 50 characters per position/leadership description. Double check to make sure you didn’t omit any important information. 3.  Line up and confirm with your recommenders. Take the extra minute to locate your counselor’s contact information and confirm your GPA and class rank. Make sure everything from your high school is in order. Your counselor and teachers can add value to your application. If you have not already done so, now is the time to ask teachers about letters of recommendation. 4. Proofread your college application. Don’t skip this step. Anytime you enter text directly online it leaves room for mistakes. Consider writing even your short answers in a word processing program. Then edit them and your personal statement yourself or ask a parent or teacher to read over your writing for you. Next, copy and past the text into the appropriate fields. Finally, preview your final application before submission to ensure that everything looks the way you expect. 5.  Evaluate your college choices in relation to your SAT/ACT and GPA. In addition to remembering to send schools your SAT/ACT scores, review the list of schools you plan to apply to and compare your numbers with the Freshman Profile information for each school. Make sure you have a balance of options: Reach—your GPA and SAT/ACT scores are slightly below the average range for students admitted to the school last year. Good chances—your GPA and SAT/ACT scores are comparable to the average range for students admitted to the school last year. Likely to get admitted—your GPA and SAT/ACT scores are above the average range for students admitted to the school last year. Although these numbers make up only a portion of your overall application, they are a starting point for Admission Committee members and provide a place to begin evaluation. Other factors taken into consideration might include: demonstrated leadership, unusual circumstances, extracurricular involvement, demographic information, alumni ties and outstanding athletic/musical/academic talents. 6.  Allow time to upload and submit your application. Don’t wait until the last possible minute. Unexpected setbacks may occur in your personal life. Servers slow down when lots of students are trying to submit simultaneously. Browsers crash. Technical glitches happen. Sometimes, colleges will cut you some slack. Sometimes they won’t. Don’t depend on it. Your stress level will be high enough without these extra challenges. Finish early. For professional guidance with your Common Application materials, check out  Accepted’s Common Application Package, which includes a-z advising that will help you create a stand out application. Marie Todd has been involved in college admissions for over twenty years. Marie has both counseled applicants to top colleges and evaluated 5000+ applications for the University of Michigan's College of Literature, Science and the Arts; College of Engineering; School of Kinesiology; School of Nursing; and Taubman College of Architecture.  Want Marie to help you get accepted?  Click here to get in touch with Marie Todd. Related Resources: †¢ Ivy League and Common Application Tips: How to Get Accepted, a free guide †¢ 5 Fatal Flaws to Avoid in Your College Application Essays †¢ 6 Tips for Getting Started on Your Application Essays 4 Keys to a Successful Common Application It’s November, and we are starting down the home stretch of the college application season. That’s right, final deadlines are looming. The UC system’s undergraduate (non-transfer) applications are due November 30 by 11:59pm Pacific Standard Time (2:59am Eastern Standard Time). Many colleges using the Common Application have January 1 as their regular decision deadline. Although your first instinct might be to panic, it’s important to keep a level head. You are not the only one in this position; many high school seniors across the country are in the same situation! The key to success is to focus your time on your college applications.  The Common Application can be fairly straightforward, but leaving any portion until the last minute will result in a more rushed effort — and likely a sloppy result. What should you be doing in the last few weeks before the regular decision deadline for the common application? Here are a few tips to help you manage your applications as you head to the finish line. 1. Give yourself time to write. Thoughtful, well-crafted essays evolve through multiple drafts and careful revisions. For a college that doesn’t require a supplemental essay, those 650 words in the personal statement are your sole opportunity to breathe life and personality into an electronic file, to convey who you are and what is important to you. Don’t miss this opportunity!  If you are stumped by how to begin, take a look at my blog post with Tips for Answering Common Application Essay Prompts. 2. Think about your application from an outsider’s perspective. Is all of your data clear? Have you explained in the extracurricular section what ABCD means and your role in the ABCD organization?  Keep in mind you are limited to 10 entries, each with a limit of 150 characters (including spaces!) per activity description and 50 characters per position/leadership description. Double check to make sure you didn’t omit any important information. 3.  Line up and confirm with your recommenders. Take the extra minute to locate your counselor’s contact information and confirm your GPA and class rank. Make sure everything from your high school is in order. Your counselor and teachers can add value to your application. If you have not already done so, now is the time to ask teachers about letters of recommendation. 4. Proofread your college application. Don’t skip this step. Anytime you enter text directly online it leaves room for mistakes. Consider writing even your short answers in a word processing program. Then edit them and your personal statement yourself or ask a parent or teacher to read over your writing for you. Next, copy and past the text into the appropriate fields. Finally, preview your final application before submission to ensure that everything looks the way you expect. 5.  Evaluate your college choices in relation to your SAT/ACT and GPA. In addition to remembering to send schools your SAT/ACT scores, review the list of schools you plan to apply to and compare your numbers with the Freshman Profile information for each school. Make sure you have a balance of options: Reach—your GPA and SAT/ACT scores are slightly below the average range for students admitted to the school last year. Good chances—your GPA and SAT/ACT scores are comparable to the average range for students admitted to the school last year. Likely to get admitted—your GPA and SAT/ACT scores are above the average range for students admitted to the school last year. Although these numbers make up only a portion of your overall application, they are a starting point for Admission Committee members and provide a place to begin evaluation. Other factors taken into consideration might include: demonstrated leadership, unusual circumstances, extracurricular involvement, demographic information, alumni ties and outstanding athletic/musical/academic talents. 6.  Allow time to upload and submit your application. Don’t wait until the last possible minute. Unexpected setbacks may occur in your personal life. Servers slow down when lots of students are trying to submit simultaneously. Browsers crash. Technical glitches happen. Sometimes, colleges will cut you some slack. Sometimes they won’t. Don’t depend on it. Your stress level will be high enough without these extra challenges. Finish early. For professional guidance with your Common Application materials, check out  Accepted’s Common Application Package, which includes a-z advising that will help you create a stand out application. Marie Todd has been involved in college admissions for over twenty years. Marie has both counseled applicants to top colleges and evaluated 5000+ applications for the University of Michigan's College of Literature, Science and the Arts; College of Engineering; School of Kinesiology; School of Nursing; and Taubman College of Architecture.  Want Marie to help you get accepted?  Click here to get in touch with Marie Todd. Related Resources: †¢ Ivy League and Common Application Tips: How to Get Accepted, a free guide †¢ 5 Fatal Flaws to Avoid in Your College Application Essays †¢ 6 Tips for Getting Started on Your Application Essays

Aluminum foil industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 25 Words: 7441 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? ABSTRACT This research is an attempt at understanding the Retail Market Scenario of Aluminium Foil Industry in Mumbai. It studies the distribution channel in the industry, factors that have led to the presence of strong brands like Freshwrapp and the likes in the Kitchen Foil sector. It also includes a detailed study of the impact of Advertising Sales promotion on Direct Sale and Brand Awareness in the said product category. The main Objectives are to infer whether advertising/ Sales promotion helps Direct Sale and Brand Awareness, to make the awareness of the product to let the customers know, what our product is, its benefit and advantages. How our product is different from competitors product. The methodologies used in the project revolve primarily around primary and secondary data collection via published reports of competitors and via survey (exploratory research). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Aluminum foil industry" essay for you Create order The findings are that the brand awareness of the product has increased more than double within two months duration and now we should promote the specific quality of our product and increase the sales by converting the awareness of the product into sales. About The Company INTRODUTION Name of the Organization: Eggfirst BBN India Advertising Design Pvt. Ltd. Establishment Year-2004 Firm Type-Pvt. Ltd. Nature of Business- Advertising Designing Level to Expand-International Philosophy: At Eggfirst BBN India, we share similar sentiments. And to achieve that, we work that extra hard. We put in that extra effort. We stretch that extra mile. And it all directly translates into superlative work for you. We follow the old fashioned mantra your success is our glory. Values- Integrity Honesty in every action Commitment On the foundation of integrity, doing whatever it takes to deliver, as promised. Passion Missionary zeal arising out of an emotional engagement with work Seamlessness Thinking and working together across functional silos, hierarchy levels, businesses And geographies. Strategy Planning and Research It all starts with providing a strategic direction for clients objectives. Strategy Planning:Putting years of experience and expertise to use, they formulate a unique, insightful strategy to successfully achieve clients marketing objectives. Market Research:Eggfirst backs their experience and knowledge by intensive and incisive research. Thoroughly analyzing the market conditions, current trends, case studies, competition and opportunitiesall to arrive at a winning strategy. Creative Strategy and Execution Eggfirst thoughts are often limited by a straightjacket of habits, norms, conventions and presumptions. Add to that iron boots of the fear of failure. Theres need to break-away from the constraints of traditionalism and explore the unknown. Unbound even by infinity. Thats exactly what Eggfirst do. They use creativity to give clients their brand the uniqueness. SERVICES Brand Building and Corporate Identity:A distinct brand identity that stands out from the crowd in a meaningful way. Campaign:Integrated messaging across media. Print:Strategically aligned and creatively driven ads newspaper, magazine and other print media. AV/ Multimedia:TVCs as well as audio-visual representation (linear or non-linear) for corporate presentations, product presentations, launch presentations, demo presentations, etc. Radio:Innovative, meaningful and effective radio jingles to communicate your message. Outdoor:Traditional outdoor collateral like hoardings, banners and bus-panels as well as BTL collateral such as wall paintings and shop-signages. Events, Exhibitions and Promotions:Event, Exhibition and Promotion specific campaigns that include theme ideation, pre-invitation mailers, stall backdrop design, event collateral design, AV presentation, post-event mailers and gift ideas. Internal Communication:Campaign ideation and execution for internally spreading specific messages like Customer Sensitivity, Employee/ Customer Feedback, Training/ Induction, CSR, IT Awareness, Voice of Employee, Employee Motivation etc Sales and Marketing Collateral:Newsletters, brochures, presentations, white papers, case studies, data sheets, POP collateral, posters, etc. Web:Interactive website using various technology platforms, Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and Search Engine Marketing (SEM) to drive traffic, and online campaigns (banners, mailers, newsletters etc.) including pay-per-lead email campaign. Direct Marketing:Communicating on a one-on-one basis with clients target audience through direct mailers, SMS campaign, telemarketing and other traditional as well as innovative direct marketing tools. SWOT ANALYSIS- a) STENGTH- Satisfy all needs of their customers. Delivering on time Creative and innovative in advertisement segment Quality output They have global exposure as well, with higher rewards appreciation. Team working environment is very efficient. b) WEAKNESS- Relatively new player in an extremely competitive business sector Not active into ATL advertising yet c) OPPORTUNITIES Can enter the global markets to attract global customers. Clients coming with new products to get advertisement. d) THREAT- Established Players as Competitors from domestic and international market Customers preference and taste being changed every now and then Relatively naive in the ever-blooming Advertising industry. Eggfirst BBN India is the Indian arm of BBN International, based out of Mumbai, India. A full-service advertising agency, Eggfirst offers end-to-end creative solutions for various business challenges. They are passionate about creating and fostering brands. They have a simple purpose: Create brands that people will love remember and buy. Through a combination of research, strategy, creativity and technology, they help their clients discover the potential of their brand, and unleash it. Some successful Contract- Jab ghar ki raunak badhani ho, diwaron ko jab sajana ho Come to, Eggfirst BBN India. The India focused arm of BBN International, Eggfirst BBN India is a full service ad agency offering end-to-end creative solutions for energizing brands. Paani mein rehkar bhi yeh kam gale, dhero kapde dhoye aur zyaada chale! Thats what most clients look for in their ad agency and thats exactly what they will find at Eggfirst BBN India. Combining the agility speed of a Concorde and the performance reliability of a Boeing 747, Eggfirst will take your brand on an enriching journey of aah se ah-a tak. Zyaada de ujala, din-o-din chalne wala, Eggfirst has soaked in the Indian summer for years now. Working at the ground level with some of the leading brands in India, they have rolled delightfully in the muddy puddle of marketing advertising, only to realise daag achche hai. Dhero Kapde dhoye aur Zyaada chale. Thats Eggfirst. Coming to Eggfirst BBN India with a marketing problem is like going to a restaurant when youre really hungry. Theres everything you care for (End-to-end advertising solutions). It offers a seven course meal (Research, Branding strategy, Creative strategy, Creative rendition, Media planning, Media buying, Launch). With the flavouring of clients choice (Creative, direct, humorous, emotional). Every item on the platter gets Eggfirsts special attention right from the time of handpicking the raw materials till the time they lays it out for their clients. Its a wholesome experience. Not only will the delicious food leave the client satisfied and delighted, the quality of service will simply stun them. Media planning and buying The final frontier, connecting with clients target audience in the most effective way Each brand is unique. So how why should the medium be common? Long back, a farmer in England, who used to rent out his cows to companies, came up with a unique and an extremely effective marketing strategy. He sprayed company logos on the cows. This helped the companies get recognition and visibility; increasing their brand equity.. Media Planning:Planning a mix of media, a judicious blend of traditional and innovative, in a way that it helps clients break-through-the-clutter and reach out to their target audience effectively Media Buying:Capabilities to buy media that best suits the strategy. Moreover, ensuring that non-availability is never an obstacle in clients path Windfall Translating a product into a brand; a successful brand its easier said than done. An exceptional brand success story is scripted with an exceptional culture. And thats precisely what clients will find at Eggfirst BBN India. And a lot more Globalization Integration of global expertise and network with incisive understanding of Indian conditions The sales and marketing harmony Driven by the understanding that sale is the ultimate aim and marketing the means. Adding value, subtracting expenses Focused on adding tangible value, reducing wastages If clients were a lanternEggfirst would be the oil. If clients were a pajama, Eggfirst would be the strings. Clients Oberoi Eureka Forbes Honeywell Johnson Johnson HDFC Bank Deutsche Bank Ten sports Star JP Morgan etc. Objective of the project: To infer whether Advertising/ Sales promotion helps Direct Sale and Brand Awareness. To make the awareness of the product. To let the customers know, what our product is, its benefit and advantages. How our product is different from competitors product. Methodology: The methodology followed in this project involved the following Phases: Collection of Data Type of the project Analysis of Data Conclusion Recommendation Data Collection- Data is collected by following methods- Qualitative Research: Primary Research Field Work. Secondary Research Online. Comparative/ Industry analysis Qualitative Research: Qualitative Research is about investigating the features of a market through in-depth research that explores the background and context for decision making. There are two main qualitative methods depth interviews and focus groups. However qualitative research can also include techniques such as usability testing, brainstorming sessions and vox pop surveys. Primary Research- Primary research involves gettingoriginal datadirectly about the product and market. Primary research data is data that did not exist before. It is designed to answer specific questions of interest to the business This is about filling up questionnaire, and the questionnaires were filled by Retailers as well as Consumers with two different sets of Questions. I have done research at following places. Western Suburbs: Kandivli 6.Santacruz Bandra 7. Jogeshwari Dadar 8. Malad Lower Parel 9. Andheri Powai 10. Goregaon South Bombay: Colaba Napean Sea Road Kemps Corner Central Suburbs: Kurla Chembur New Bombay: Farthest Vashi Sanpada Total Samples: 300 (min) Secondary Research- Secondary marketing research, or desk research,already exist in one form or another. It is relatively cheap, and can be conducted quite quickly .However, it tends to have been collected for reasons other than for the problem or objective at hand. So it may be untargeted, and difficult to use to make comparisons (e.g. financial data gather on Australian pensions will be different to data on Italian pensions). Comparative/ Industry analysis- Comparative or industry analysis is includes analysis with respect to another player in the same field. It gives real picture where product stands in the market. Type of the project- Market research project Analysis of Data This involves analysis of data collected by above methods. Conclusion Recommendation After completion of the entire analysis, interpretation recommendation were made on the basis of figures and diagrams. Limitations of the study: Inadequate information. Sample Size. Cannot disclose the product name as per companys guideline. Misleading answers that might affect our conclusion. Unwillingness of the Retailer to answer. Biases and prejudice due to Sales margins on the Retailers opinions. Market size of aluminium foil- Aluminium foil is widely used, the experts according to their characteristics of different applications, it is divided into more than 20 varieties. Different countries due to differences in levels of economic development, consumption structure of aluminium foil big gap there. Developed countries in Europe and the United States, aluminium foil packaging products for 70 percent of the total demand. In the Chinese market, aluminium is mainly used as industrial raw materials; manufacturing, packaging and aluminium foil only 30 percent of the total domestic demand. Into the 21st century, market competition and product homogeneity of trends, to stimulate the rapid development of the product packaging. 2002, the global packaging market size has more than 500 billion U.S. dollars The estimated markets for aluminium foil containers are as follows: Competitive Analysis of Alumunium foil: LAST PRICE MARKET CAPT. SALES TURNOVER NET PROFIT TOTAL ASSET HINDALCO 209.00 40009.80 19536.28 1915.63 34,267.87 NALCO 97.55 25140.96 5158.00 832.60 10395.58 CENTURY EXTR 5.15 42.20 122.71 5.35 64.85 MAAN ALUMINIUM 52.15 17.63 68.88 1.91 29.83 GUL FOIL 77.80 63.81 131.03 3.20 119.22 The above analysis shows that who the major players in aluminium industry. Hindalco holds the 1st position and Gul Foil is on 5th position. LITERATURE REVIEW What is Aluminum Foil- Aluminium foil is the thin metal leaf aluminium with a thickness of not more than 0.2 mm. However, most commonly used foils have thickness of 0.006 mm. It is used for various reasons like, packaging of food, packaging of pharmaceuticals product etc. Packaging today responds to consumers demands for choice and convenience as well as changed production and distribution conditions and systems. By safeguarding product quality, packaging allows products to be transported and distributed locally, regionally and even globally, thereby making valuable food resources available to a wider population. In modern households, people increasingly turn to the use of fully-prepared meals, canned and frozen foods, in a wide variety of portion sizes, to save time in cooking and preparing meals. Packaging makes this possible. Raw Materials Aluminum numbers among the most abundant elements: after oxygen and silicon, it is the most plentiful element found in the earths surface, making up over eight percent of the crust to a depth of ten miles and appearing in almost every common rock. However, aluminum does not occur in its pure, metallic form but rather as hydrated aluminum oxide (a mixture of water and alumina) combined with silica, iron oxide, and titania. The most significant aluminum ore is bauxite, named after the French town of Les Baux where it was discovered in 1821. Bauxite contains iron and hydrated aluminum oxide, with the latter representing its largest constituent material. At present, bauxite is plentiful enough so that only deposits with an aluminum oxide content of forty-five percent or more are mined to make aluminum. Concentrated deposits are found in both the northern and southern hemispheres, with most of the ore used in the United States coming from the West Indies, North America, and Australia. Since bauxite occurs so close to the earths surface, mining procedures are relatively simple. Explosives are used to open up large pits in bauxite beds, after which the top layers of dirt and rock are cleared away. The exposed ore is then removed with front end loaders, piled in trucks or railroad cars, and transported to processing plants. Bauxite is heavy (ge nerally, one ton of aluminum can be produced from four to six tons of the ore), so, to reduce the cost of transporting it, these plants are often situated as close as possible to the bauxite mines. The Manufacturing Process Extracting pure aluminum from bauxite entails two processes. First, the ore is refined to eliminate impurities such as iron oxide, silica, titania, and water. Then, the resultant aluminum oxide is smelted to produce pure aluminum. After that, the aluminum is rolled to produce foil. RefiningBayer process The Bayer process used to refine bauxite comprises four steps: digestion, clarification, precipitation, and calcinations. During the digestion stage, the bauxite is ground and mixed with sodium hydroxide before being pumped into large, pressurized tanks. In these tanks, called digesters, the combination of sodium hydroxide, heat, and pressure breaks the ore down into a saturated solution of sodium aluminates and insoluble contaminants, which settle to the bottom. The next phase of the process, clarification, entails sending the solution and the contaminants through a set of tanks and presses. During this stage, cloth filters trap the contaminants, which are then disposed of. After being filtered once again, the remaining solution is transported to a cooling tower. In the next stage, precipitation, the aluminum oxide solution moves into a large silo, where, in an adaptation of the Deville method, the fluid is seeded with crystals of hydrated aluminum to promote the formation of aluminum particles. Calcinations, the final step in the Bayer refinement process. Smelting Smelting, which separates the aluminum-oxygen compound (alumina) produced by the Bayer process, is the next step in extracting pure, metallic aluminum from bauxite. Although the procedure currently used derives from the electrolytic method invented contemporaneously by Charles Hall and Paul-Louis-Toussaint Hroult in the late nineteenth century, it has been modernized. First, the alumina is dissolved in a smelting cell, a deep steel mold lined with carbon and filled with a heated liquid conductor that consists mainly of the aluminum compound cryolite. Next, an electric current is run through the cryolite, causing a crust to form over the top of the alumina melt. When additional alumina is periodically stirred into the mixture, this crust is broken and stirred in as well. As the alumina dissolves, it electrolytically decomposes to produce a layer of pure, molten aluminum on the bottom of the smelting cell. The oxygen merges with the carbon used to line the cell and escapes in the form of carbon dioxide. Rolling foil After the foil stock is made, it must be reduced in thickness to make the foil. This is accomplished in a rolling mill, where the material is passed several times through metal rolls called work rolls. As the sheets (or webs) of aluminum pass through the rolls, they are squeezed thinner and extruded through the gap between the rolls. The work rolls are paired with heavier rolls called backup rolls, which apply pressure to help maintain the stability of the work rolls. This helps to hold the product dimensions within tolerances. The work and backup rolls rotate in opposite directions. Lubricants are added to facilitate the rolling process. During this rolling process, the aluminum occasionally must be annealed (heat-treated) to maintain its workability. As the foil sheets come through the rollers, they are trimmed and slitted with circular or razor-like knives installed on the roll mill. Trimming refers to the edges of the foil, while slitting involves cutting the foil into several sheets. These steps are used to produce narrow coiled widths, to trim the edges of coated or laminated stock, and to produce rectangular pieces. For certain fabricating and converting operations, webs that have been broken during rolling must be joined back together, or spliced. Common types of splices for joining webs of plain foil and/or backed foil include ultrasonic, heat-sealing tape, pressure-sealing tape, and electric welded. The ultrasonic splice uses a solid-state weldmade with an ultrasonic transducerin the overlapped metal. Finishing processes For many applications, foil is used in I V / combination with other materials. It can be coated with a wide range of materials, such as polymers and resins, for decorative, protective, or heat-sealing purposes. It can be laminated to papers, paperboards, and plastic films. It can also be cut, formed into any shape, printed, embossed, slit into strips, sheeted, etched, and anodized. Once the foil is in its final state, it is packaged accordingly and shipped to the customer. Quality Control In addition to in-process control of such parameters as temperature and time, the finished foil product must meet certain requirements. For instance, different converting processes and end users have been found to require varying degrees of dryness on the foil surface for satisfactory performance. A wet ability test is used to determine the dryness. In this test, different solutions of ethyl alcohol in distilled water, in increments of ten percent by volume, are poured in a uniform stream onto the foil surface. If no drops form, the wet ability is zero. The process is continued until it is determined what minimum percent of alcohol solution will completely wet the foil surface. Other important properties are thickness and tensile strength. Standard test methods have been developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Thickness is determined by weighing a sample and measuring its area, and then dividing the weight by the product of the area times the alloy density. Tension testing of foil must be carefully controlled because test results can be affected by rough edges and the presence of small defects, as well as other variables. The sample is placed in a grip and a tensile or pulling force is applied until fracture of the sample occurs. The force or strength required to break the sample is measured. The Future of Aluminium Foil The popularity of aluminum foil, especially for flexible packaging, will continue to grow. Four-sided, fin-sealed pouches have gained wide popularity for military, medical, and retail food applications and, in larger sizes, for institutional food service packs. Pouches have also been introduced for packaging 1.06 to 4.75 gallons (4-18 litres) of wine for both retail and restaurant markets, and for other food service markets. In addition, other products continue to be developed for other applications. The increase in popularity of microwave ovens has resulted in the development of several forms of aluminum-based semi-rigid containers designed specifically for these ovens. More recently, special cooking foils for barbecuing have been developed. However, even aluminum foil is being scrutinized in regard to its environmental friendliness. Hence, manufacturers are increasing their efforts in the recycling area; in fact, all U.S. foil producers have begun recycling programs even though aluminum foils total tonnage and capture rate is much lower than that of the easy-to-recycle aluminum cans. Aluminum foil already has the advantage of being light and small, which helps reduce its contribution to the solid waste stream. In fact, laminated aluminum foil packaging represents just 17/lOOths of one percent of the U.S. solid waste. For packaging waste, the most promising solution may be source reduction. For instance, packaging 65 pounds (29.51 kilograms) of coffee in steel cans requires 20 pounds (9.08 kilograms) of steel but only three pounds (4.08 kilograms) of laminated packaging including aluminum foil. Such packaging also takes up less space in the landfill. The Aluminum Associations Foil Division is even developing an educational program on aluminum foil for universities and professional packaging designers in order to help inform such designers of the benefits of switching to flexible packaging. Aluminum foil also uses less energy during both manufacturing and distribution, with in-plant scrap being recycled. In fact, recycled aluminum, including cans and foil, accounts for over 30 percent of the industrys yearly supply of metal. This number has been increasing for several years and is expected to continue. In addition, processes used during foil manufacturing are being improved to reduce air pollution and hazardous waste. Few Brands prevailing in the market. FRESHWRAPP SUPERWRAP HOMEFOIL NUTRIWRAP JACKSON FRESHWRAPP: Hindalco is Asias largest integrated primary producer of aluminium and among the most cost-efficient producers globally. Its house foil brands include Superwrap, Freshwrapp and Freshpakk semi-rigid containers, which are convenient and popular with consumers. Delivering never-before-tried solutions to customers in India and across the globe, Hindalco has the distinction of being Indias premier supplier of foil and foil laminates plain lacquered and printed Hindalcos best quality of Food Wrapping Foil that are basically used for wrapping food items such as chapatti, sandwiches and others. The product are available in different types of specification, they are made and developed from high quality materials. These products are available in different types specification. 11 micron X 300 mm 72 mtrs , 18 mtrs , 9 mtrs , 120 grams , 50 grams SUPERWRAP: Store About this product: Superwrap Aluminium Foil by Hindalco 72metre Keeps the food fresh and hygienic wherever you take.with this new Superwrap Pure Aluminium Foil by Hindalco. Mfg. by HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD. (foil division) HOMEFOIL: Hygienically safe for wrapping, storing, covering, sealing, baking and grilling of food products. Keeps food warm and fresh, with aroma and taste intact. Unique rust proof cutter for easy dispensing. Homefoil Jumbo Blue 75m x 300mm Code :A14HJB Homefoil Jumbo Yellow 35m x 300m, 500 gm Wt. Extra thick Code :A12JY Homefoil Jumbo Red 99m x 300mm Code :A8HJR NUTRIWRAP- Nutriwrap is aluminium foil which is mainly used for food packaging. It is an 11 micron aluminium foil which can be used for sweet boxes and Tiffin packaging. 11 micron being used against market standard of 9 micron matching international standards embossed foil being launched for the first time in india better strength more value for money edge over competitors Products: 9 meters pack (economy, standard, premium ) for house hold use. special economy size of 225mm width introduced for sweet boxes . 18 meters institutional pack . 72 meter jumbo pack for bulk users (hotels, mass catering) pull-up sheets for roti-wrap, sandwich-wrap, fast food / snacks restaurant. Why Aluminium Foil Freezer-to-oven convenience The only packaging that can withstand extreme temperature changes, aluminum can go from the freezer to the oven to the table saving time during food preparation. Microwaveability Its true aluminiumfoil containers can be used in microwave ovens!In fact, foods heat more thoroughly in aluminium than in plastic and retain more of their original texture and flavor. Transportability Aluminium containers are leak-resistant, sturdy, stackable, and keep foods fresher than plastic or Styrofoam containers. Easy clean up Choose easy clean-up or no clean-up. After cooking, save your aluminum containers and recycle them. Tri-oven ability Not only can aluminium containers be used in a microwave oven, they also stand up to conventional ovens and toaster ovens without melting, charring, or compromising the foods original flavour. These attractive properties of rolled aluminium used in packaging can be summarised (1) Durability and Strength Aluminium foil is commonly produced in the 1000 series alloys, alloyed only with iron and silicon. These alloys work harden when subject to cold deformation. The thickness (gauge), alloy and temper can be chosen so that the exact properties required can be achieved. Stamped foil containers therefore retain their shape and rigidity. (2) Lightness The low density and thinner sections of aluminium compared with some competing packaging materials means a reduced weight, saving energy in transport. (3) Thermal Conductivity Aluminium is an excellent conductor of heat and therefore the chilling and heating of the contents of aluminium packaging can take place quickly, with minimal thermal gradients. (4) Heat Resistance Aluminium packaging resists a very wide range of temperature, from the very cold to the very hot. There is no risk of cracking, melting or burning. Aluminium packaging products can be stored in the coldest deep freeze and heated in the hottest oven. (5) Barrier Properties Aluminium foil acts as a total barrier to light, gases and liquids and can extend the useful life of foodstuffs for long periods of time, measured in years. (6) Food and Drink Compatibility The vast majority of foods and drinks have no adverse effects on uncoated aluminium, so there is no contamination. With very acid or alkali ingredients a wide range of food-contact coatings are available affording full protection to the contents of the foil packaging or the can. (7) Decorative Potential Aluminium foil and can stock is compatible with all printing processes so that the contents of the foil or the can be attractively presented. (8) Foil Laminates Aluminium foil can be laminated to produce tough packaging systems that withstand rough handling in the distribution chain. (9) Sustainability of Aluminium Packaging The use of aluminium packaging saves food wastage and saves energy in transport. The aluminium can be recycled after use repeatedly with no loss in quality. The current recycling rate of the aluminium beverage can in the UK is 42%. The high value of aluminium in the waste stream means that it is economically viable as well as environmentally advantageous for aluminium packaging products to be removed from the waste stream for recycling. Local Authorities can raise revenue from collecting aluminium from the waste stream, subsidising less valuable materials. Schools and charities can raise funds by arranging to collect aluminium foil and beverage cans for recycling. Few more Advantages of Aluminium Foil Aluminium foil containers bring many advantages to the food packaging market. In combination, these advantages position aluminium foil containers uniquely among material choices for the food processing industry, the food service industry and consumer alike. Because of their unique combination of advantages, the aluminium foil container qualifies as the perfect package for numerous food packaging applications. Among these advantages are: Consumer Friendly: Because foil can withstand wide temperature changes better than other packaging materials, it can go from freezer to oven to the dinner table without changing containers. Aluminium foil containers are designed so that they nest very well, taking up little space Aluminium foil containers are leak-resistant and keep foods fresher whether in the refrigerator or in the freeze Aluminium foil containers are easy to clean up for re-use or for recycling Aluminium foil containers are versatile. Consumers can reheat or freeze food products directly in the foil container, dispose of it or recycle it. Foil containers have been selected by Meals on Wheels and by many take-out restaurants and food service companies for their great properties, low cost and convenience. Aluminiums conductivity helps speed both baking and freezing and allows faster and better product reconstitution than that of other packaging materials. Recyclable: One of aluminiums environmental advantages is its recyclability. Aluminium has an inherent value. As the leading recycled material in world, aluminium helps pay for many municipal recycling programs, saves billions of dollars annually in energy costs, helps create thousands of jobs and tax dollars in the collecting and processing industries and lowers the cost of aluminium The amount of aluminium recycled has doubled in the past ten years and now represents 28% of the scrap value of all recycled materials. It all adds uprecycling aluminium makes sound commercial as well as environmental sense .Aluminium is the most valuable consumer recycled material. At over $1,200 per ton, it is more than three times more valuable than the next most valuable material available for recycling Foil Container Designs and Applications- Aluminium foil containers serve a number of markets. A wide range of container designs are available in the retail market. As seen here, baking pans, roasting pans, muffin pans, pizza pans, cookie sheets, carryout containers, etc., are widely available to the consumer. Generally, these containers also come in a variety of sizes, depending on the specific consumer needs. Specialty items such as oven and burner liners are also in widespread use. An even wider selection of aluminium foil containers is available to other segments of the market, where aluminium foil containers can be focused on a specific market segment needs FOIL Usage: Packaging. As aluminium foil acts as a complete barrier to light and oxygen (which cause fats to oxidise or become rancid), odours and flavours, moisture, and bacteria, it is used extensively in food and pharmaceutical packaging. Aluminium foil is used to make long life packs (aseptic packaging) for drinks and dairy products which enables storage without refrigeration. Aluminium foil laminates are also used to package many other oxygen or moisture sensitive foods, and tobacco, in the form of pouches, sachets and tubes, and as tamper evident closures. Aluminium foil containers and trays are used to bake pies and to pack takeaway meals, ready snacks and long life pet foods. Aluminium foil is widely sold into the consumer market, usually in rolls of around 50 centimetres width and several metres in length [8]. It is used for wrapping food in order to preserve it, for example when storing leftover food in a refrigerator (where it serves the additional purpose of preventing odour exchange), when taking sandwiches on a journey, or when selling some kinds of take-away or fast food. Tex-Mex restaurants in the United States, for example, typically provide take-away burritos wrapped in aluminium foil. Insulation Aluminium foil is also widely used for thermal insulation (barrier and reflectivity), heat exchangers (heat conduction) and cable liners (barrier and electrical conductivity). Foils in special alloys are even used for structural honeycomb components for aircraft. Aluminium foils heat conductive qualities make it a common accessory in hookah smoking: a sheet of perforated aluminium foil is frequently placed between the coal and the tobacco, allowing the tobacco to be heated without coming into direct contact with the burning coal. EMF Shielding The typical shielding effectiveness of aluminium foil for a 100 MHz Spectrum is 80 dB per standard mil. It will block all broadcast radio waves when completely surrounding the receiver and absorb free standing waves when grounded. Cooking Aluminium foil is also used for barbecuing more delicate foods such as mushrooms and vegetables; food is wrapped in foil then placed on the grill, preventing loss of moisture that may result in a less appealing texture. As is the case with all metallic items, aluminium foil reacts to being micro waved. This is due to the effect of electric fields of the microwaves causing a build up of charge to form between the sharp points in the aluminium; if enough charge accumulates it will discharge to a different place on the foil, creating a spark (i.e., arcing). Due to frequent use in food services, this commonly leads to kitchen fires [citation needed]. The design of modern microwave ovens has been corrected so microwave energy cannot be reflected back into the magnetron, and aluminium packages designed for microwave heating are available. Art and decoration Heavier foils made of aluminium are used for art, decoration, and crafts, especially in bright metallic colours. Metallic aluminium, normally silvery in colour, can be made to take on other colours through anodization. Anodizing creates an oxide layer on the aluminium surface that can accept coloured dyes or metallic salts, depending on the process used. In this way, aluminium is used to create an inexpensive gold foil that actually contains no gold, and many other bright metallic colours. These foils are sometimes used in distinctive packaging. Geochemical sampling Foil is used by organic/petroleum geochemists for protecting rock samples taken from the field and in the lab, where the sample is subject to biomarker analysis. While plastic or cloth bags are normally used for a geological sampling exercise, cloth bags are permeable and may allow organic solvents or oils (such as oils imparted from the skin) to taint the sample, and traces of the plastics from plastic bags may also taint the sample. Foil provides a seal to the ingress of organic solvents and does not taint the sample. Foil is also used extensively in geochemical laboratories to provide a barrier for the geochemist, and for sample storage. Polishing steel A simple and inexpensive way to remove rust from and polish steel surfaces by hand is to rub it with aluminium foil dipped in water. The aluminium foil is softer than steel, and will not scratch the surface. As heat is generated by rubbing friction, the aluminium will oxidize to produce aluminium oxide. Aluminium has a higher reduction potential than iron, and will therefore leach oxygen atoms away from any rust on the steel surface. Aluminium oxide is harder than steel, and the microscopic grains of aluminium oxide produced creates a fine metal polishing compound that smoothes the steel surface to a bright shine. Ribbon microphones The material use in many ribbon microphones is aluminium leaf or imitation silver leaf as it is sometimes called. This is pure aluminium and is around .6-2.0 micron thick. It is in fact virtually the same material that the BBC used on Coles ribbons, with the exception that they also hand beat the leaf even more. They did this by sandwiching the ribbon between toilet paper and beating with a ball peen hammer. This cold forges the leaf. Corrugations must also be imparted into the ribbon, Coles used 25 per inch, RCA 44BX has 19 per inch (and is around 2 long) and the RCA 77 has 13 corrugations per inch. RCA ribbon material is around 1 1.5 micrometers (microns) or .00005 inch. The new Nady ribbon plus AEA both clearly advertise the fact they use 2 micron aluminium ribbon in their mics 4 P ANALYSES FOR THE PRODUCT- These tools constitute a marketing mix. Marketing mix is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market. McCarthy classified these tools into four broad groups that he called the four Ps of marketing: product, price, place, and promotion. Marketing-mix decisions must be made to influence the trade channels as well as the final consumers. Typically, the firm can change its price, sales-force size, and advertising expenditures in the short run. However, it can develop new products and modify its distribution channels only in the long run. Thus, the firm typically makes fewer Period-to-period marketing-mix changes in the short run than the number of marketing- Mix decision variables might suggest. Robert Lauterborn suggested that the sellers four Ps correspond to the customers four Cs. Four Ps Four Cs Product Customer solution Price Customer cost Place Convenience Promotion Communication Winning companies are those that meet customer needs economically and conveniently and with effective communication. Product The product should provide solution to the customer that how cans the product can help them like how the aluminium foil is useful for the customer. Aluminium foil can provide following solutions- a) Food Protection A layer of alufoil acts as a complete barrier against the penetration of light, moisture and flavours so stopping contamination and the loss of organoleptic characteristics b) Hygiene, safety and product security Aluminium foil is safe for use in contact with foodstuffs, does not harbour or promote bacteria and is an ideal protection against contamination and product tampering. c) Heat performance Alufoil withstands high temperatures without distorting or melting. It also conducts and dissipates heat quickly -ideal for heat-sealing processes. d) Sustainability Alufoil saves weight and reduces spoilage of sensitive products. Easily laminated with other materials, alufoil improves the performance of flexible packaging substrates and makes thinner laminates possible so saving resources. Modern separation techniques allow aluminium foil in household waste to be extracted and then recycled at a fraction of its original energy cost. Price Price of product should lie in range which is affordable for customer or customer can justify the cost of the product. But price is not only the criteria for customer. Now a days customers are more concerned for quality than the cost. Place Product should be available at a place which is easily accessible to consumers. If the substitute product will be available easily than your product, customer moves towards those products. Promotion- Promotion of product should be in such a way that can attract the customer. Direct selling is most effective for aluminium foil but its very expensive time consuming. There are many brand of aluminium foil present in market so company have to increase brand awareness have to tell how its product is better than others. The most important customer of company is housewives who use the aluminium foil for food packaging, vegetable packaging. Company should target housewives and communicate them effectively that how aluminium foil are so useful for them and how our product is the best for them. Promotional Tools Each promotional tool has its own unique characteristics and costs. Advertising: Advertising can be used to build up a long-term image for a product (Coca-Cola ads) or trigger quick sales (a Searss ad for a weekend sale). Advertising can reach geographically dispersed buyers efficiently. Certain forms of advertising (TV advertising) typically require a large budget, whereas other forms (newspaper advertising) can be done on a small budget. Sales promotion: Although sales-promotion toolscoupons, contests, premiums, and the likeare highly diverse, they offer three distinctive benefits: (1) communication (they gain attention and usually provide information that may lead the consumer to the product); (2) incentive (they incorporate some concession or inducement that gives value to the consumer); and (3) invitation (they include a distinct invitation to engage in the transaction now). Sales promotion can be used for short-run effects such as dramatizing product offers and boosting sales. Public relations and publicity: The appeal of public relations and publicity is based on three distinctive qualities: (1) high credibility(news stories and features are more authentic and credible than ads); (2) ability to catch buyers off guard (reach prospects who prefer to avoid salespeople and advertisements); and (3) dramatization (the potential for dramatizing a company or product). Personal selling: Personal selling has three distinctive qualities: (1) personal confrontation(it involves an immediate and interactive relationship between two ormore persons); (2) cultivation (it permits all kinds of relationships to spring up,ranging from a matter-of-fact selling relationship to a deep personal friendship);and (3) response (it makes the buyer feel under some obligation for having listenedto the sales talk). Direct marketing: All forms of direct marketingdirect mail, telemarketing, Internet marketingshare four distinctive characteristics: They are (1) non-public (the message is normally addressed to a specific person); (2) customized (the message can be prepared to appeal to the addressed individual); (3) up-to-date (a message can be prepared very quickly); and (4) interactive (the message can be changed depending on the persons response). Output of Primary Research- People know why dont know why they buy, but they know why they dont buy. Housewives believe that aluminum foil keep food (Roti) warm, fresh and Healthy. (Definition of fresh for them is maintaining softness of roti) Housewives buys aluminum foil because their friends buy it, because their children urge to buy it, and because retailer force them to buy by giving some incentives. Among those who dont buy it because they know that use of aluminum foil for wrapping chapattis, doesnt help to keep it fresh. Cotton Tissue paper is good and cost effective replacement to wrap chapattis instead of aluminum foil Where product stands- Product X Distribution Network is very weak. Brand awareness is almost zero. Packaging is Dull, doest stand out like Competitors. Product X is more use in local Saloons for Hair Coloring. X is used in HUKA FOILS. Unwanted SKUs of X have created lot of confusions. Objective of Study- Current size of aluminum food wrapping foil industry: Brand size Current growth rates of aluminum food wrapping foil industry Market shares Region wise local competitors Scientific differentiation in benefit between these products and aluminum foils Demographic and Psychographic consumer profile media habits Brand proposition: Which brand benefit will take up a unique position in consumer mind. BCG matrix for the product TheBCG matrix also calledBCG modelrelates to marketing. The BCG model is a well-known portfolio management tool used in product life cycle theory. BCG matrix is often used to prioritize which products within company product mix get more funding and attention. TheBCG matrixmodel is aportfolio planningmodel developed by Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group in the early 1970s. The BCG model is based on classification of products (and implicitly also company business units)into four categories based on combinations ofmarket growthandmarket sharerelative to the largest competitor. What is BCG matrix and how does the BCG model work? BCG STARS(high growth, high market share) Stars are defined by having high market share in a growing market. Stars are the leaders in the business but still need a lot of support for promotion a placement. If market share is kept, Stars are likely to grow into cash cows. BCG QUESTION MARKS(high growth, low market share) These products are in growing markets but have low market share. Question marks are essentially new products where buyers have yet to discover them. The marketing strategy is to get markets to adopt these products. Question marks have high demands and low returns due to low market share. These products need to increase their market share quickly or they become dogs. The best way to handle Question marks is to either invest heavily in them to gain market share or to sell them. BCG CASH COWS(low growth, high market share) Cash cows are in a position of high market share in a mature market. If competitive advantage has been achieved, cash cows have high profit margins and generate a lot of cash flow. Because of the low growth, promotion and placement investments are low. Investments into supporting infrastructure can improve efficiency and increase cash flow more. Cash cows are the products that businesses strive for. BCG DOGS(low growth, low market share) Dogs are in low growth markets and have low market share. Dogs should be avoided and minimized. Expensive turn-around plans usually do not help. Our product lies in BCG QUESTION MARK. It means product is in growing market but have low market share. Question marks are essentially new products where buyers have yet to discover them. So good promotional strategies should be adopted, Question marks have high demands and low returns due to low market share. These products need to increase their market share quickly or they become dogs. The best way to handle Question marks is to either invest heavily in them to gain market share or to sell them. Conclusion The findings are that the brand awareness of the product has increased more than double within two months duration and now we should promote the specific quality of our product and increase the sales by converting the awareness of the product into sales. NOTE: I have not mentioned the products name on which I did this project due to an NDA signed by (Eggfirst) with their clients.

South Asian Countries, India, Pakistan, And Bangladesh

South Asian countries, mainly India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, have landholding structure reminiscent to the colonial regime set regulations that segregated land. In the three regions, there is a clear demarcation of regions per country with higher land allocation per capita and regions with lower land allocation per capita. Landholding pertains to factors such as tenancy rights, land-size debate, property rights and land distribution, which go handy with agricultural production within the three countries (Tirthankar, 2007). Agriculture is the mainstream economic activity that takes place within the southern Asian countries. Hypothetically, a significant proportion of South Asia’s rural population live in rural areas whereby agriculture is the main practiced activity. In return, agriculture doubles up as an important economic activity for the countries and thus the need to ensure progressive development of the agricultural sector. This paper dissects landholding structures and the implication of the landholding structures to agricultural development within South Asian. The paper, further, postulates policy implications of the landholding structures and measures that policy makers need to take into consideration in ensuring that farmers benefit from landholding structures through maximum agricultural development. A majority of India’s population holds less than one hectare of land. In discussion of India’s landholding structure, it is necessary to understand Kerala, TamilShow MoreRelatedThe Era Of Co Operation And Developing International Relations1654 Words   |  7 Pagesera of co-operation and developing international relations. Globalization has brought countries closer to one another and has formed different organizations and alliance for mutual benefits. Representatives of nations gather in a common platform and discuss their countries benefits, interests, problems and work together to achieve their goals. 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Project Report on Financial Performance Analysis free essay sample

Finance is the life-blood of business. It is rightly termed as the science of money. Finance is very essential for the smooth running of the business. Finance controls the policies, activities and decision of every business. â€Å"Finance is that business activity which is concerned with the organization and conversation of capital funds in meeting financial needs and overall objectives of a business enterprise. †- Wheeler Financial management is that managerial activity which is concerned with the planning and controlling of a firm financial reserve. Financial management as an academic discipline has undergone fundamental changes as regards its scope and coverage. In the early years of its evolution it was treated synonymously with the raising of funds. In the current literature pertaining to this growing academic discipline, a broader scope so as to include in addition to procurement of funds, efficient use of resources is universally recognized. Financial analysis can be defined as a study of relationship between many factors as disclosed by the statement and the study of the trend of these factors. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Report on Financial Performance Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The objective of financial analysis is the pinpointing of strength and weakness of a business undertaking by regrouping and analyzing of figures obtained from financial statement and balance sheet by the tools and techniques of management accounting. Financial analysis is as the final step of accounting that result in the presentation of final and the exact data that helps the business managers, creditors and investors. Financial performance is an important aspect which influences the long term stability, profitability and liquidity of an organization. The Evaluation of financial performance using Comparative Balance Sheet Analysis, Common Size Balance Sheet Analysis, Trend Analysis and Ratio Analysis had been taken up for the study with â€Å"IIFL Ltd† as the project. Analysis of Financial performance is of greater assistance in locating the weak spots at the IIFL Ltd even though the overall performance may be satisfactory.

Monopoly Of The Postal Service Essays - United States Postal Service

Monopoly of the Postal Service In the United States economy most markets can be classified into four different markets structures. But, each and every market in the United States is completely unique from the others. Generally the best type of market structure for the general public is per-fect competition because it creates the lowest possible price for the public. There are some exceptions were perfect competition isn't the best choice for the public on account of various reasons. The United States Postal Service is one of them and since the Postal Service is a monopoly, it is its own market. This paper will discuss the budget dilemmas that the postal service has faced for the past twenty years and if it is in the best interest of the economy for the United States Postal Service to continue as a monopoly. The first time there was talk of privatizing the Postal Service was in 1979 when the Postal Service was losing vast amounts of money in the long run. But since the Postal Service is a necessity for America, the government had to subsidize the service in order for it to continue in operation. In 1979 the United States Postal Service had a cash flow of $22.5 Billion and was additionally receiving $176 million from investing(#1, Intro). Even with this added revenue the Postal Service was still greatly under funded on its own (#1, Intro). During this time it was discussed to privatize the postal service and introduce competition because of the extreme losses that the service was experiencing. A positive argument for privatizing the Postal Service was with numerous competitors in the market there would be more efficiency and the public would receive lower prices. But this would also increase the usage of resources, for example airplanes and cars. One of the problems the Post Office had was its receipts from consumer purchases that were submitted the next day after the transaction (#1, i). If the receipts were submitted earlier the postal service would receive more money because they could invest that money sooner (#1, i). Another way the Postal Service could increased profits was by competitively selecting banks that would give them higher interest rates and such (#1, ii). Probably the most relevant and final way to improve the budget of the Postal Service is to improve the bookkeeping poli-cies and banking techniques (#1, ii). Not only did the Post Service propose to increase profits but they also proposed to cut costs in a number of ways. There were three methods that were proposed in 1946 for the protection of salaries that no longer exists (#2, Intro). These have to do with the rural mail carriers. Under this antiquated method of delivering mail the Postal Service was los-ing money to any mail that went to "rural" areas (#2, i) There are 48,000 mail carriers that deliver mail to millions of families that are considered to be living in rural settings; this costs the postal Service 858 million dollars a year (#2, i). This is a fairly easy problem to fix considering how much money is being lost. It was proposed that money loss could be significantly cut down if the Postal Service corrected the following problems. The rural mail carriers were assigned a certain amount of time to deliver to a specific rural area, this method was out of date and because of this the carriers have free time for which they got paid for (#2, ii). The next problem was that other mail routes based pay on how many miles the route covered, so the carriers were getting paid by the mile (#2, iii). With this problem fixed the Postal Service could saved 26.8 million a year (#2, iii). There was also an hourly rate that was in effect which indirectly promoted inefficient service (#2, iii). A stop to this could have saved the Postal Service $255,000 a year (#2, iii). From the num-bers mentioned above, it can be seen why the United States Postal Service was losing so much money. These problems did indeed eventually did get solved over the past fifteen years and now the Postal Service is making record breaking profits. Now in the first quarter Monopoly Of The Postal Service Essays - United States Postal Service Monopoly of the Postal Service In the United States economy most markets can be classified into four different markets structures. But, each and every market in the United States is completely unique from the others. Generally the best type of market structure for the general public is per-fect competition because it creates the lowest possible price for the public. There are some exceptions were perfect competition isn't the best choice for the public on account of various reasons. The United States Postal Service is one of them and since the Postal Service is a monopoly, it is its own market. This paper will discuss the budget dilemmas that the postal service has faced for the past twenty years and if it is in the best interest of the economy for the United States Postal Service to continue as a monopoly. The first time there was talk of privatizing the Postal Service was in 1979 when the Postal Service was losing vast amounts of money in the long run. But since the Postal Service is a necessity for America, the government had to subsidize the service in order for it to continue in operation. In 1979 the United States Postal Service had a cash flow of $22.5 Billion and was additionally receiving $176 million from investing(#1, Intro). Even with this added revenue the Postal Service was still greatly under funded on its own (#1, Intro). During this time it was discussed to privatize the postal service and introduce competition because of the extreme losses that the service was experiencing. A positive argument for privatizing the Postal Service was with numerous competitors in the market there would be more efficiency and the public would receive lower prices. But this would also increase the usage of resources, for example airplanes and cars. One of the problems the Post Office had was its receipts from consumer purchases that were submitted the next day after the transaction (#1, i). If the receipts were submitted earlier the postal service would receive more money because they could invest that money sooner (#1, i). Another way the Postal Service could increased profits was by competitively selecting banks that would give them higher interest rates and such (#1, ii). Probably the most relevant and final way to improve the budget of the Postal Service is to improve the bookkeeping poli-cies and banking techniques (#1, ii). Not only did the Post Service propose to increase profits but they also proposed to cut costs in a number of ways. There were three methods that were proposed in 1946 for the protection of salaries that no longer exists (#2, Intro). These have to do with the rural mail carriers. Under this antiquated method of delivering mail the Postal Service was los-ing money to any mail that went to "rural" areas (#2, i) There are 48,000 mail carriers that deliver mail to millions of families that are considered to be living in rural settings; this costs the postal Service 858 million dollars a year (#2, i). This is a fairly easy problem to fix considering how much money is being lost. It was proposed that money loss could be significantly cut down if the Postal Service corrected the following problems. The rural mail carriers were assigned a certain amount of time to deliver to a specific rural area, this method was out of date and because of this the carriers have free time for which they got paid for (#2, ii). The next problem was that other mail routes based pay on how many miles the route covered, so the carriers were getting paid by the mile (#2, iii). With this problem fixed the Postal Service could saved 26.8 million a year (#2, iii). There was also an hourly rate that was in effect which indirectly promoted inefficient service (#2, iii). A stop to this could have saved the Postal Service $255,000 a year (#2, iii). From the num-bers mentioned above, it can be seen why the United States Postal Service was losing so much money. These problems did indeed eventually did get solved over the past fifteen years and now the Postal Service is making record breaking profits. Now in the first quarter